MACD 5 (Alt)/MACD 5.bin/workbench/tools/czesc_1/dr/dr.doc

Text File | 1993-11-21 | 29.4 KB | 536 lines

                                   DR 2.0

What we got here is Yet Another CLI Directory Listing Command, called Dr
(pronounced "dr", one syllable) because it leaves out .info files.  (Like,
the missing I in Dir stands for .info ...? never mind.)  It is a very fast
and full featured program for AmigaDOS 2.04 and up which is arguably superior
to all of the dozen or so other Amiga directory listers I've seen.  The
features it offers are:

  + By default, .info files are not mentioned in the output.  Instead, it
    shows you which files have *.info files associated with them by writing
    their names in orange (or whatever you have set color 3 to be), unless
    you use the -M option (for Monochrome).  Any *.info file that is not
    associated with a regular file or directory is shown normally, e.g.
    Disk.info.  You can see all *.info files normally with the -I option.

  + It is fully reentrant and reexecutable.  The "pure" bit is set; you can
    make it resident.  Some previous versions would not pass stringent purity
    tests; this one does.

  + It is faster than other directory listers, including older versions of
    Dr.  The speed advantage is biggest when more than one directory is
    listed.  Note that this version no longer uses the fastscan.library that
    was included with some older releases, so you can probably delete that.

  + It arranges the output in a variable number of columns, with spacing
    based on both the length of the longest filenames and the width of the
    window.  It assumes a width of 77 when output is not going to a CON:
    window.  By default, it sorts the entries in columns, not in rows; it's
    easier to find things alphabetically that way (try it out if you don't
    think so).  The -H option makes it sort in rows.  Directories are listed
    with slash characters after their names.  By default, directories are
    listed before files, and inner directory contents before outer when full
    depth listings are done, but these can be reversed with an output style
    option that can also adjust several other cosmetic items.

  + Sorting is aware of international alphabets as of Dr 1.6; it will sort
    "Mädchen" after "madam" but before "madman".

  + It handles AmigaDOS wildcard patterns, like "#?.(c|o)" to list all files
    with names ending in ".c" or ".o".  Those of you who hate "#?" can use
    "*" instead, if you activate the AmigaDOS WILDSTAR flag to do this.  The
    NathanHale program included with Dr (it's tiny, pure, and PD) switches
    this feature on or off for all regular AmigaDOS programs, as well as Dr.
    Starting with Dr 2.0, wildcards can be used in all levels of a pathname,
    for example "sys:work/#?/source/#?.c".

  + It understands file links.  When the -L option is used, it shows what
    each soft link is linked to, in an extra line after the regular
    information for that file.  Using the -X option on a soft link tells the
    pathname that it is linked to, but no other information (this is due to a
    limitation of AmigaDOS).  In normal output, soft links are grouped with
    directories but do not have slashes on the ends of their names as
    directories do.  Hard links do not at present get any special treatment,
    except that Dr will notice if a directory is linked "inside itself".  Dr
    will NOT read soft links in RAM:, except for using -X on a single link,
    because the Ram-Handler will sometimes blow shrapnel around your system
    when you try that.  (Note: if you list a directory containing a hard
    link, you will not see any filenote on it, but if you ask for a listing
    of just that link, perhaps by using the -X option, you may see one.  This
    is the fault of the filesystem, not Dr.)

  + It has lots of genuinely useful options.  There isn't much one could ask
    of a directory lister that Dr can't somehow accomplish.

  + And last but certainly not least, Dr is public domain and the source
    code is included.

USAGE:  type "Dr" followed by zero or more file names, directory names,
patterns, or options, or type "Dr ?" for a summary of options.  Anything that
starts with a dash character and is not enclosed in quotes is taken as
options.  Example:

  dr -orf devs:

In this command, "devs:" is the directory that gets listed, and the set of
options is "-orf".

By default, Dr lists the names of files and subdirectories in whatever
directories you tell it to list, alphabetically sorted in columns.  It's
usually easier to find something alphabetically by reading down columns
instead of across rows, in my experience.  If you disagree, use the -H option
(H for "horizontal").  Directory names are listed before file names, with the
filenames indented one space.  (This method of visibly separating them
replaces that stupid line of dashes that many users disliked.)  Each
directory name is followed by a slash.  Only the name itself, not the slash,
is orange if it has an icon.  Things with associated *.info files will be
marked as such even if the *.info file itself is excluded by the pattern you
used, or by the -D or -A or -B options.  If you list just a single file, it
will check whether it has a *.info file and show the name in the alternate
color if so, unless you use the -I (show .infos) or -M (monochrome) option.
It does not check to see whether files with names ending in .info are actual
valid icon files.  Note that if the output is not a CON: window, it is as if
-M were used; it doesn't show you which files had icons.

New in release 1.5 is an extension of pattern syntax:  If you end the pattern
with a double colon, it applies that pattern to files within all of the
subdirectories it encounters, as well as the directory you specify.  You can
think of "pattern::" as being equivalent to "pattern" and "#?/pattern" and
"#?/#?/pattern" and so on.  This is different from using the -R option (show
contents of subdirectories) with a pattern.  With -R, it shows files in the
top directory that fit the pattern, and looks in each subdirectory with a
name that fits the pattern, showing all the files inside.  With "::" it looks
in all subdirectories and shows the items in them that match the pattern.
The "::" can be used only at the very end of a path/pattern specification,
not in the middle.  That is, "#?/source/#?.c::" is legal but something like
"work#?::/#?.doc" is not.

-R will also search the contents of directories which are not shown, if the
reason they are not shown is because of the -A, -B, -F, or -P options, rather
than because of a pattern.  Those options will limit which files are shown
within those subdirectories.

If you specify an actual directory that has a name with pattern characters in
it, like maybe a drawer named "Doesn't work?", Dr will list that directory
instead of expanding the pattern.  You can force it to expand by adding an
extra percent sign to the pattern, so it doesn't match the name.  Patterns at
the end of a pathname may be up to 128 characters long.

If you wish to use a single question mark as a pattern to show all files with
one-character names, and there are no other arguments on the command line,
you must put quotes around it or add a percent-sign to it, or Dr will think
you are asking it for a brief summary of usage and options.  As of Dr 1.5,
the way to specify a quote within quotes is with "" rather than the AmigaDOS
standard *", in order to make it easier to use the asterisk as a wildcard.

You can give several option letters after one dash, like "Dr -chs foo", or
separately, like "Dr -c -h foo -s".  The case of the option letters doesn't
matter.  Each option affects those files and directories that come after it
on the command line, except that any options at the end, after the last
filename, act as if they were entered at the beginning.  Example:  "dr foo -s
bar" lists directory foo without showing sizes, and directory bar with sizes
shown.  If a directory name begins with a dash, put quotes around so that it
isn't taken as options.  If you give an option twice, the second one cancels
the first.  This means that if you make an alias like "alias list dr -lc []",
saying "list -c" turns the -c option off.  Or, you can show directory foo
with sizes, and directory arf without sizes, with the command "Dr -s foo -s
arf".  (Note: since options at the end act like they are at the beginning,
"Dr -s directory -s" will show the directory without the -s option!)

Options can also be given by setting the environment variable DR-OPTS.  It
can contain any option or options from the list below, including custom
format strings.  They are checked before looking at any of the options on the
command line.  Local shell variables set with "Set" take precedence over
global ENV: variables set with "SetEnv".  Options on the command line can
reverse the ones in DR-OPTS.  The command line option -@ makes it ignore the
DR-OPTS variable.  Hyphens before options are allowed, but not needed, in
DR-OPTS.  It can be up to 287 characters long.  So for example, if you want
to make Dr always use the options "-I" and "-P^H" and "-N12" except when you
tell it otherwise, give these commands:

    setenv DR-OPTS "i p^h n12"
    copy env:DR-OPTS envarc:

The second command saves the environment variable so it will be automatically
restored when you reboot or turn on the machine.

The complete set of options for Dr release 2.0 is:

    -I  List .info files like normal files instead of using an alternate
        color to mark the other files they are associated with.

    -M  Turns off the use of color to mark files that have icons.  Color is
        not used anyway when output is redirected to a file.

    -S  Show the size of each file in bytes, and totals.  The number of
        spaces allowed for each number is based on the largest value found in
        the output, except in unsorted mode (when -O is used) where nine
        characters are allowed.

    -C  Sort chronologically (newest last) instead of alphabetically.

    -Z  Sort by file size, from smallest to largest.  Items of equal size,
        such as directories, are sorted alphabetically or chronologically
        depending on presence of -C.

    -V  Sort in reverse (Z to A, newest to oldest, or largest to smallest).

    -H  Sort into rows instead of columns, if more than one column.

    -L  Show sizes, protection bits, datestamps and filenotes like the List
        command.  Overrides -S.  Show total bytes/blocks used.  Unlike List,
        it puts the filename after the other information instead of before.
        For soft links it adds an extra line telling what path it is linked
        to.  Output is sorted unless you also use the -O option.

    -Y  Use day names like "Today" or "Yesterday" or "Monday" to show dates
        within the last week, the way List does if you don't use its DATES
        option.  This applies to "\t" substitutions (see below) also.

    -D  Do not show file names, only subdirectory names.  Cancels -F.

    -F  Do not show subdirectory names, only file names.  Cancels -D.

    -K  Show the disk address (header block key) of each file or directory,
        in square brackets.  As with -S, the spacing allowed for the number
        is based on the largest value shown, except when output is unsorted
        (-O).  In that case six spaces are allowed.

    -R  Recursively show contents of all subdirectories found.  If you're
        going to descend a whole lot of levels (like more than about nine)
        you will need a bigger stack than the default 4K.  It checks for
        adequate stack before entering each subdirectory.  An 8K stack would
        let you go about 40 levels deep.

    -U  Show only disk space consumed, and a count of files and directories,
        without listing any names unless you also use -O or custom
        formatting.  As far as output goes, -U overrides all other options
        except -R, -O, and custom formatting, but patterns and options may
        affect the totals shown.

    -O  Put each filename on a separate line as a complete pathname, do not
        sort, do not hide .info files, and when -R is used merge all the
        directories and subdirectories into a single list.  If -L is also
        used, size and protection and such is shown, and totals are given at
        the end, with no subtotals for inner directories.  With -L, names are
        shown as relative pathnames from the directory specified, including
        inner dir names if -R is used, not as complete pathnames.  Using -U
        with -O also causes totals to be shown at the end, but leaves the
        output in the form of one complete name per line.  If neither -L nor
        -U is used, there are no headers to separate directories, just
        nothing but names.  This can be very useful as input to other
        programs.  Overrides -S, -K, -C, and lack of -I.  -N is overridden in
        most ways but still affects whether inner directories are listed
        after outer ones, as opposed to being listed somewhere in the middle.
        The beginning of the pathname shown is the directory arg as you
        specified it in the command, not the absolute path, unless you use
        -T.  The pathnames output have a maximum length of 300 characters.
        Output is continuous while the disk is being scanned, instead of done
        afterwards.  Unsorted output can be noticeably faster, because the
        disk IO is asynchronous.

    -T  Convert the pathnames you give it to absolute form.  For instance, if
        you say "Dr -o env:" it will normally write lines of filenames like
        "env:Kickstart".  But "Dr -ot env:" will say "Ram Disk:env/Kickstart"
        or the like; "env:" is converted into its true pathname.

    -X  Show the specified directory's information as if it were listed as
    part of its parent directory, instead of showing the files inside.
    Unless -O or custom formatting is used, show its protection bits,
    datestamp, and so on as if listed with -L.  If an arg is a soft link
    instead of a directory, show the pathname that it is linked to; the
    datestamp and such are not shown in this case due to a limitation of
    the Amiga filesystem.  Ignored if -R or a pattern at the end of the
    argument is used.  Overrides -F, -D, and -P.

    -A# (example: -A30)  Show all files dated within the last # days.  The
        cutoff point is midnight before the day # days ago.  Thus -A0 shows
        files changed today.  -A not followed by a digit cancels it.

    -B# (example: -B5)  Like -A, but show all files more than # days old.
        Combining -A with -B uses a range of days, or excludes a range of
        days if the -A number is smaller (more recent) than the -B number.

    -N# (example: -N2)  Select a general style for how directories and files
        are arranged in the output.  The default is 0, which specifies that
        files should be listed immediately after directories, indented one
        space more than directories.  1 specifies a blank line in between,
        and no difference in indentation.  2 is like 1 except with a line of
        dashes in place of the blank line.  3 specifies that files and
        directories are combined into a single sorted list.  You can add ten
        to any of those numbers (e.g. -N12), and that tells it that files are
        to be listed before directories rather than after.  This also causes
        the contents of inner directories to be listed after, rather than
        before, their parent directories.  This also causes inner directory
        listings to appear in properly sorted order, which they cannot do
        when listed before their parents, and might be a trifle faster.
        Other values produce a nonfatal error message.

    -P...
        A bit more complicated than the options above; the letter P may have
        other letters after it, each one optionally preceded by a tilde (~).
        The letters allowed are H, S, P, A, R, W, E, or D (lowercase okay).
        These letters represent protection bits.  If the tilde is in front of
        a letter, Dr will show only files for which that protection bit is
        not set.  If there is no tilde it will show only those for which it
        is set.  For instance, to show all "pure" files, use -PP.  To show
        all script files which have not been backed up, use -PS~A.  Use -P
        with a space after it to cancel earlier -P options, making it ignore
        protection bits.  For the bits R, W, E, and D, "set" means that the
        bit shows as present when you use List or Dr -L.  (The physical bit
        is actually a zero in these cases.)  So for example -P~D means show
        files protected from deletion.  You can use a caret (^) instead of a
        tilde (~) if you want.  Must not be followed by another option
        letter; that is, you can't use -PAU for -PA -U.

    -[...format string...]
        Control the format of the output.  For each file or directory to be
        listed, the text inside the brackets is written out followed by a
        newline.  Substitutions can be made in that text, by including a
        backslash character followed by one other character to indicate what
        to insert, optionally with digits in between.  The digits are ignored
        for most substitutions, but when a number (for instance) is inserted,
        the digits specify how many text columns to use.  For substitutions
        that produce a decimal number (\s and \k), spaces are added on the
        left if the number of digits to be written is less than the specified
        width, and if the number of digits given is insufficient for the
        number's digits, they're all written out anyway.  The complete list
        of substitutions is:
           \n is replaced with a newline.
           \e is replaced with an escape character.
           \d is replaced with the name of the directory being searched.
               (If you specified a file instead of a dir, or used -X, \d will
               give the full name, and any filename pasted on after it will
               be invalid.)
           \f is replaced with the name of the current file or directory
               being listed, with no path in front.
           \p is replaced with the pathname of the current file or directory;
               like \d followed by \f, with a slash in between if needed.
           \? becomes a slash if the current file is a directory, or a colon
               if it is a volume (with -X option), or nothing for files.
               Usually used right after \f or \p to show whether it is a
               directory.
           \/ is a slash unless the preceding character output was a slash,
               colon, double-quote, whitespace, or control character.
               Possibly useful for joining filenames onto directory names.
           \b is replaced with the file's protection bits, shown as eight
               letters or dashes; e.g. "-s-arw-d".
           \t is replaced with the file's timestamp, in the format
               "DD-Mmm-YY HH:MM:SS".  (No choice of date format yet.)  If a
               number is given (for example "\9t"), then if the number is
               less than 18, the date is truncated on the right after that
               many characters, and if more than 18, then extra spaces are
               added on the left to produce the desired number of characters.
           \w is replaced with the day of the week that the file's datestamp
               falls on.  As with \t, the name is padded on the left if you
               give a width greater than 9, and truncated if you give less.
               This means that "\3w" can be used to produce a three letter
               abbreviation like "Mon" or "Wed".
           \s is replaced with the file's size in bytes, or blanks for a
               directory.  If no width is specified, the default width is 9
               characters.
           \k is replaced with the disk address (key) of the file or
               directory, padded to a constant width.  If no width is
               specified, the default width is 6 characters.
           \i is replaced by (n) spaces, where (n) is how many levels deep in
               recursive descent you are -- no spaces when no recursion.  If
               a width is included (e.g. "\4i") then the recursion depth is
               multiplied by that number to give the number of spaces written.
           \+ prevents the newline at the end of each output.
           \ before anything else "quotes" it.  Use \\ for \ and \] for ].
        To cancel a previous format option and use normal output from now on,
        use -[].  Overrides -S, -L, and -K.  Output is sorted normally, and
        has the usual headers to separate subdirectories and different
        directories given on the command line, and (with -N1 or -N2) the
        usual blank line or line of dashes, unless you use -O also.  Note
        that whitespace and double-quotes inside -[...] are treated as
        literal text, not as marking separate arguments to Dr.  The text that
        is output after substitutions is limited to 255 characters.  The name
        written by \p or \f will be in the cursor color (orange or whatever)
        if it has an icon, unless you use -I or -M or -O or redirect the
        output to a file.

    -{... format string...}
        Like -[...], except it executes the result as an AmigaDOS command
        instead of just writing it out.  (Use \} if you need a } in the
        command.)  This is done in addition to, not instead of, normal
        output.  So you can use both -[...] and -{...} at once with different
        formats.  The command is done first, the output last.  In fact,
        commands are executed during the disk scan instead of saved until
        afterwards, so they are done in unsorted order.  You can use -o[\+]
        to suppress all output and just run commands.

These next few options, which are punctuation characters instead of letters,
differ from the above in that they take global effect if they appear anywhere
on the command line, and do not toggle.

    -@  Causes Dr to ignore the DR-OPTS environment variable and use the
        default "factory" option settings.

    -?  Test whether any files asked for can be found.  Produce no output
        of any kind, but return 5 (WARN) and error 205 (object not found) if
        nothing is found that matches the arguments given.  Return 0 if
        anything is found to match any file, dir, or pattern argument.
        Overrides all options controlling output.  Also overrides -{}, since
        it stops as soon as it finds even one match.

    -!  Turn off the cursor during output to the screen.  Text gets written
        somewhat faster this way.

Here is a brief list of mnemonic words that might help you remember which
option is which:

    -A = After        -B = Before       -C = Chronological  -D = Dirs only
    -F = Files only   -H = Horizontal   -I = include Icons  -K = Keys
    -L = List Long    -M = Monochrome   -N = style Number   -O = name Only
    -P = Protection   -R = Recursive    -S = Size           -T = True name
    -U = Usage        -V = reVerse      -X = eXternal       -Y = Yesterday
    -Z = by siZe      -! = zoom!        -? = exists?        -@ = v@nilla

If Dr lists the contents of more than one directory, each one will be
preceded with its name, written like this:

        ===  path/whatever/dir  ===

unless you use -O (but not -U or custom formatting) in which case the
different listings will all run together without separation.  If you give no
directory or pattern, it lists the current directory, of course.  Or you can
specify the current directory as empty quotes: "".

If you give it a multiply assigned name, it will produce separate sections
for each directory the name is assigned to, with banners like the one shown
above for each one.  It can handle up to fifty assignments on one name.  For
example, assume that you have FONTS: assigned to two directories named
"Workbench:fonts" and "Work:etc/MoreFonts".  If you give the command "Dr
fonts:t#?.font" you might get output like this:

        === Workbench:fonts ===
 topaz.font

        === Work:etc/MoreFonts ===
 tallibm.font   times.font

Note that if you use -R or a "::" pattern with a multiply assigned name, and one
of the assignments is a subdirectory of another, you may see some files listed
twice.  Dr does not watch out for such overlaps, though it will catch cases in
which a link makes a directory an ancestor of itself.  Also, if you name a
subdirectory under the assigned name, which is present in more than one of the
assigned directories, only the first one will be seen.  (Example: if there is
a "Workbench:fonts/courier/18" and a "Work:etc/MoreFonts/courier/48", then
listing "FONTS:courier" will only show the first.)  When -X is used, it will
tell the protection and datestamp of each directory the name is assigned to.

The usage totals given at the end of a -S, -L, or -U output tell the number
of directories listed, the number of files, the total number of bytes in the
files, and the number of disk blocks they occupy.  For each of these numbers
it may give a second number in parentheses.  This represents the total found
in the whole directory, when it differs from the total of those selected for
listing.  Things excluded by a pattern or by -A, -B, -D, -F, or lack of -I,
may contribute to the differences between the numbers.

Some examples of using format strings:  to mark the files in directory foo as
having been last updated yesterday, use

    Dr -o -{setdate "\p" yesterday} foo

The -o is not necessary but usually a good idea.  Or you might want to use
-[\+] to suppress output.

To copy all files ending in ".c" in directory foo to directory bar with
".BAK" stuck on the end (foo/xxxxx.c becomes bar/xxxxx.c.BAK), use

    Dr -o -{Copy "\p" to "bar/\f.BAK"} foo/#?.c

WARNING:  Using Rename in the -{...} command may not work.  With at least
some versions of some filesystems, such as RAM:, renaming a file and then
looking up the "next" file in that directory after the one that just got
moved, may get it very confused.  Better to use -[] to write the Rename
commands to a temporary file and then Execute that file.  Similar cautions
apply to Delete.

Some Un#@%!x folks like to list their files by simply going "echo *".  This
writes out the names of the files packed all onto one line.  Well if you want
to misuse Dr that way, you can:  (you'll probably want to use an alias)

    Dr -f -[\f \+] foo

That could be shortened to "Dr -f[\f \+] foo" ... with Dr 1.5 and newer,
you can put letter options after the same dash as [] and {} options, before
or after the brackets.  Dr will output a newline before it exits.

You can execute more than one command for each file by putting \n in between
the commands inside -{ }.  Or alternatively, you can split the Dr command
into multiple lines with a plus sign at the end of all but the last, and the
newlines will be included in the bracketed command string.  (Plus-newline
outside of brackets is considered the same as a space.)  But the complete
text after all substitutions are made must be less than 256 characters long
or Dr cannot execute it.  If a command comes out too long, Dr will write out
a warning message and continue, and return 5 ("Warn") when it exits.

As an example of using more than one command separated by newlines, the
following will type out all the files in directory foo with a header in front
of each one:

    Dr -[\+] -{echo "*N  #### FILE \p -=>" \n type "\p"} foo

Or, alternatively:

    Dr -[\+]{echo "*N  #### FILE \p -=>" +
    type "\p"} foo

At present, Dr quits whenever the command's return code is ten or more, but
continues with nine or less.  Dr 1.5a and earlier quit when any nonzero
return value occured.  A future version will have some way of setting a
"Failat" level for such commands.

An example of using the -? option to test whether any files matching your
criteria exist ... this command tests whether either directory Foo or
volume Bar: has any files that need backing up, with the assumption that a
file does not need backing up if the A protection bit is set or if its name
ends in .o or .bak, and returns 5 if none do ... you can follow this in a
script with "If WARN" to check whether the return was 5:

    Dr -?fp~a  Foo/~(#?.(o|bak))::  Bar:~(#?.(o|bak))::


Some features I might add to future versions, maybe:

    The ability for the \f and \p formatting options to perform string
    substitution on filenames, so that (for instance) FOO.TXT becomes
    FOO.DOC.  This would be expressed with a syntax like \:::f or \:::p, for
    example "\:.txt/:.doc:p".  The slash after ".txt" would indicate that it
    must be found at the end of the name.  And more ways to split and combine
    the starting pathname, the subdirectory under that, and the local name.

    -J: go ahead and jump into soft links when using -R.

    -G:  Show file's timestamp as age; days and hh:mm:ss before present.

    An option to control what format to display dates in.

    Make -A and -B able to parse date-and-time, e.g. "-A(5-Nov-93 16:00)".

    -Q:  Super-compact columnation like ls 4.1ljr, maybe.

    Make -X and -R both work at once.

    Maybe a variation of -T which substitutes the drive name for the volume
    name.

Dr is in the public domain, written by Paul Kienitz.  Feature suggestions and
bug reports are appreciated.  I can be reached at:

       snail: Paul Kienitz        bbses: Winners Circle     510-845-4812
              6430 San Pablo ave.        ("Paul M Kienitz" on that one)
              Oakland, CA  94608         La Cantina (FAUG)  415-341-7566
              USA                        The Mission        415-967-2021

     fidonet: "Paul Kienitz" at 1:125/28
    internet: [e-mail]

If you want the source and didn't get it with the executable, you should be
able to download it from one of those bbses.